See been in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "be"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "been"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "be"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "b'"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bee"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to be"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*beun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *beun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beuną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of Old English bēon and wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *beun and *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *beuną and *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- and a conflation of *h₂wéseti and *h₁ésti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "is",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-irr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "am",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "art",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "were",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "is",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bith",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "were",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "are",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "were",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "weren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "were",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybeen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bean",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ben",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "beynge",
"3": "was",
"4": "been"
},
"expansion": "been (third-person singular simple present is, present participle beynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative was, past participle been)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"type": "been"
},
"name": "enm-conj-irr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 3 4 13 8 2 2 3 2 16 9 2 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be; to exist or have existence:",
"To occur; to come to be."
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-M7TVQxEq",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"come",
"come"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:",
"(intransitive) To occur; to come to be."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 7 8 7 9 7 6 7 5 9 8 6 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Brassicales order plants",
"orig": "enm:Brassicales order plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
27
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
28
]
],
"english": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Lucam .I. [Luke 1:5] / Secundum Lucam .II. [Luke 1:18]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 20, verso, column 1; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:",
"text": "Forͬ fra þatt hıre make ıſſ dæd⹎ Ne kepeþþ ᵹho nan oþerr. Acc ſerrᵹͪeþþ aᵹᵹ forͬþı ꝥ ᵹho. Ne maᵹᫌ himͫ noƿƿhar fındenn",
"translation": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
86,
90
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
82,
86
]
],
"english": "I know your actions: you aren't cold, but neither are you hot. I'd like it if you were either cold or hot.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 3:15, folio 118, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "I woot þi werkis · foꝛ nei[þer] þou art coold nei[þer] þou art hoot / I wolde þat þou were coold ei[þer] hoot",
"translation": "I know your actions: you aren't cold, but neither are you hot. I'd like it if you were either cold or hot.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be; to exist or have existence:",
"To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-~605SivU",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:",
"(with adjective or adverb) To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with adjective or adverb"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be; to exist or have existence:",
"To be to or for someone or something."
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-M4TkvYOb",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"something",
"something"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:",
"(transitive) To be to or for someone or something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
35
],
[
183,
188
]
],
"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:",
"text": "[…]Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be something or someone."
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-smusupLA",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) To be something or someone."
],
"tags": [
"copulative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be something or someone.",
"To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-T3D8TRXk",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) To be something or someone.",
"(with genitive) To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
71,
76
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
71,
79
]
],
"english": "As soon as Judas had awakened from his rest, / Thirty pieces of silver had been taken from him.",
"ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 16-17; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:",
"text": "Sone ſo iudaſ of ſlepe waſ awake. / þritti platen of ſelu[er] from hym weren itake.",
"translation": "As soon as Judas had awakened from his rest, / Thirty pieces of silver had been taken from him.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be something or someone.",
"Forms the continuous present and perfect."
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-jduy5ppa",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) To be something or someone.",
"(auxiliary) Forms the continuous present and perfect."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"copulative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 3 4 13 8 2 2 3 2 16 9 2 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 8 7 9 7 6 7 5 9 8 6 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Brassicales order plants",
"orig": "enm:Brassicales order plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be something or someone.",
"Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-nP2RxUg4",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) To be something or someone.",
"(auxiliary) Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"copulative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 7 8 7 9 7 6 7 5 9 8 6 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Brassicales order plants",
"orig": "enm:Brassicales order plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms various passive constructions."
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-rxH8VVuO",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Forms various passive constructions."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bøːn/",
"note": "Southern, Southwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "ben"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ar",
"3": "بَان",
"4": "",
"5": "ben tree"
},
"expansion": "Arabic بَان (bān, “ben tree”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French and Medieval Latin, from Arabic بَان (bān, “ben tree”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 7 8 7 9 7 6 7 5 9 8 6 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Brassicales order plants",
"orig": "enm:Brassicales order plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ben (moringa tree)"
],
"id": "en-been-enm-noun-78VMRUlN",
"links": [
[
"ben",
"ben"
]
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bees"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bijōniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bijōniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bee",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "bee + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēon, nominative plural form of bēo, from Proto-Germanic *bijōniz, nominative plural form of *bijǭ. Equivalent to bee + -en (plural suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bee",
"word": "bee"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of bee (“bee”)"
],
"id": "en-been-enm-noun-pgySH7gu",
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "been"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "been"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġebēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġebēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "y-",
"3": "be",
"4": "-en",
"id3": "participial",
"pos3": "participial suffix"
},
"expansion": "y- + be + -en (participial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ġebēon, past participle of bēon (“to be”); equivalent to y- + be + -en (participial suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ybeen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ybe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with y-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (participial)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to be",
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of been (“to be”)"
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-enm:participle",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English:_to_be"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:participle"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "been"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēoþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biunþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biunþi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From (with the -þ replaced with an -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive) Old English bēoþ, present plural of bēon (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *biunþi, third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "be",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 3 4 13 8 2 2 3 2 16 9 2 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 8 7 9 7 6 7 5 9 8 6 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Brassicales order plants",
"orig": "enm:Brassicales order plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to be",
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present indicative of been (“to be”)"
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-vw0fCXkE",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English:_to_be"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "be"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biwīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biwīn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēon, present subjunctive plural of bēon (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *biwīn, third-person present subjunctive plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 3 4 13 8 2 2 3 2 16 9 2 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to be",
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present subjunctive of been (“to be”)"
],
"id": "en-been-enm-verb-~lFz1fX8",
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English:_to_be"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "bean",
"word": "bene"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of bene (“bean”)"
],
"id": "en-been-enm-noun-gXsx6Fli",
"links": [
[
"bene",
"bene#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suppletive verbs",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Brassicales order plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "be"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "been"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "be"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "b'"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "bee"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to be"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*beun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *beun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*beuną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of Old English bēon and wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *beun and *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *beuną and *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- and a conflation of *h₂wéseti and *h₁ésti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "is",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-irr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "am",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "art",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "were",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "is",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bith",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "was",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "were",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "aren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "are",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "were",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "weren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "were",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "beth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "been",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybeen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ybe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "be",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bean",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ben",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "beynge",
"3": "was",
"4": "been"
},
"expansion": "been (third-person singular simple present is, present participle beynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative was, past participle been)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"type": "been"
},
"name": "enm-conj-irr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be; to exist or have existence:",
"To occur; to come to be."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"occur",
"occur"
],
[
"come",
"come"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:",
"(intransitive) To occur; to come to be."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
27
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
28
]
],
"english": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Lucam .I. [Luke 1:5] / Secundum Lucam .II. [Luke 1:18]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 20, verso, column 1; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:",
"text": "Forͬ fra þatt hıre make ıſſ dæd⹎ Ne kepeþþ ᵹho nan oþerr. Acc ſerrᵹͪeþþ aᵹᵹ forͬþı ꝥ ᵹho. Ne maᵹᫌ himͫ noƿƿhar fındenn",
"translation": "Because whenever her mate is dead, she doesn't get another, but always grieves since she can't find him anywhere.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
86,
90
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
82,
86
]
],
"english": "I know your actions: you aren't cold, but neither are you hot. I'd like it if you were either cold or hot.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 3:15, folio 118, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "I woot þi werkis · foꝛ nei[þer] þou art coold nei[þer] þou art hoot / I wolde þat þou were coold ei[þer] hoot",
"translation": "I know your actions: you aren't cold, but neither are you hot. I'd like it if you were either cold or hot.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be; to exist or have existence:",
"To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:",
"(with adjective or adverb) To be with a certain quality or in a certain situation."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with adjective or adverb"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be; to exist or have existence:",
"To be to or for someone or something."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"something",
"something"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be; to exist or have existence:",
"(transitive) To be to or for someone or something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English copulative verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
35
],
[
183,
188
]
],
"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:",
"text": "[…]Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be something or someone."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) To be something or someone."
],
"tags": [
"copulative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English copulative verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"To be something or someone.",
"To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) To be something or someone.",
"(with genitive) To be someone's; to be in someone's possession."
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English auxiliary verbs",
"Middle English copulative verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
71,
76
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
71,
79
]
],
"english": "As soon as Judas had awakened from his rest, / Thirty pieces of silver had been taken from him.",
"ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 16-17; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:",
"text": "Sone ſo iudaſ of ſlepe waſ awake. / þritti platen of ſelu[er] from hym weren itake.",
"translation": "As soon as Judas had awakened from his rest, / Thirty pieces of silver had been taken from him.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be something or someone.",
"Forms the continuous present and perfect."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) To be something or someone.",
"(auxiliary) Forms the continuous present and perfect."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"copulative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English auxiliary verbs",
"Middle English copulative verbs",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"To be something or someone.",
"Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) To be something or someone.",
"(auxiliary) Forms the perfect tense with some intransitive verbs."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"copulative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms various passive constructions."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Forms various passive constructions."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bøːn/",
"note": "Southern, Southwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Arabic",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Brassicales order plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "ben"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-med",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ar",
"3": "بَان",
"4": "",
"5": "ben tree"
},
"expansion": "Arabic بَان (bān, “ben tree”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French and Medieval Latin, from Arabic بَان (bān, “ben tree”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ben (moringa tree)"
],
"links": [
[
"ben",
"ben"
]
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Brassicales order plants"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bees"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bijōniz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bijōniz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bee",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "bee + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēon, nominative plural form of bēo, from Proto-Germanic *bijōniz, nominative plural form of *bijǭ. Equivalent to bee + -en (plural suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "bee",
"word": "bee"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of bee (“bee”)"
],
"links": [
[
"bee",
"bee#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms prefixed with y-",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (participial)",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Brassicales order plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "been"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "been"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġebēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġebēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "y-",
"3": "be",
"4": "-en",
"id3": "participial",
"pos3": "participial suffix"
},
"expansion": "y- + be + -en (participial suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ġebēon, past participle of bēon (“to be”); equivalent to y- + be + -en (participial suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ybeen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ybe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves",
"Middle English past participles"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to be",
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of been (“to be”)"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English:_to_be"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:participle"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Brassicales order plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "been"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēoþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēoþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biunþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biunþi",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From (with the -þ replaced with an -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive) Old English bēoþ, present plural of bēon (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *biunþi, third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "be",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves",
"Middle English plural forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to be",
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present indicative of been (“to be”)"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English:_to_be"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Brassicales order plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "be"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "be"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English bēon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*biwīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *biwīn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bēon, present subjunctive plural of bēon (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *biwīn, third-person present subjunctive plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves",
"Middle English plural subjunctive forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "to be",
"word": "been"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural present subjunctive of been (“to be”)"
],
"links": [
[
"been",
"been#Middle_English:_to_be"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Brassicales order plants"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "been",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "bean",
"word": "bene"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of bene (“bean”)"
],
"links": [
[
"bene",
"bene#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "been"
}
Download raw JSONL data for been meaning in Middle English (19.8kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To be something or someone.'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"been"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "been",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (cdfa371 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.